This website uses TWO cookies, both of them from Google Analytics, and both are only there to find out which pages get read and which don't. There are no advertising pixels, no profile is built and your browsing is not shared with anyone else.
They are not installed until you accept them. The first time you come in, a notice appears at the bottom with two buttons of the same size; until you press one, nothing from Google is loaded: not the program, not a cookie, not a single request to its servers. Closing the notice without answering, or carrying on browsing, is NOT accepting, and it is not treated here as if it were.
Refusing limits nothing. You read the whole website just the same, with all the content and all the functions. And you can change your mind whenever you want from "Change cookies", at the foot of any page: if you withdraw permission, Google is told to stop measuring and the cookies it had set are deleted, not just the program removed.
Your answer is stored in your browser's local storage, not in a cookie, and it travels to no server. It expires after two years: a "yes" from four years ago says nothing about what you want today.
What does happen, because it happens on any website, is that the server records the request: your IP address, the date, the page you asked for and the browser type. Without the IP the page couldn't be sent back to you. Those logs are for diagnostics and security, they are not used to measure audience or to profile, and they are managed by the hosting provider: section 13 says what there is and what is still to be found out about them.
The videos are the other thing to watch, and it is resolved: they are served from youtube-nocookie.com and the player doesn't load until you click on one. As long as you don't click, YouTube receives nothing from you. When you click, a connection is made to Google, which may store information in your browser under its own policy — and that is why you have to click, and why the player doesn't set itself up on its own.