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How do you work out the bandwidth for the whole installation?
You add up the peak bit rate of each camera —not the average— and look at where that total has to pass. The calculation is done section by section, not once: the uplink of each access switch, the link between cabinets, the port everything arrives at on the recorder and the route out to the internet if it is watched from outside.
An example with example numbers: forty cameras at a peak of four megabits per second is one hundred and sixty megabits constantly arriving at the recorder's port. On a gigabit link it looks like there is room to spare, until twenty cameras get added, the quality of a few is raised to read number plates and three people start watching live, which is outbound traffic on top of the inbound.
The classic mistake is in the middle section: a twenty-four-port gigabit switch with a single gigabit link back to the main cabinet can receive far more than it can send out. With computers you do not notice, because nobody works at the same time. With cameras you do. And on top of all that you leave headroom for the cameras that are going to arrive, because they always do.
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